Blood Storage Centre
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Blood Products
ABO system
- Consists of three allelic genes - A, B and O
- A and B genes control synthesis of enzymes that add carbohydrate residues to cell surface glycoproteins
- The O gene is an amorph and does not transform the glycoprotein
- Six possible genotypes but only four phenotypes
- Naturally occurring antibodies are found in the serum of those lacking the corresponding antigen.
ABO blood group system
| Phenotype | Genotype | Antigens | Antibodies | Frequency (%) |
| O | OO | O | Anti-A, Anti-B | 46 |
| A | AA or AO | A | Anti-B | 42 |
| B | BB or BO | B | Anti-A | 9 |
| AB | AB | AB | None | 3 |
| Blood group O = universal donor | ||||
| Blood group AB = universal recipient | ||||
Rhesus system
- Rhesus antibodies are immune antibodies requiring exposure during transfusion or pregnancy
- 85% population are rhesus positive
- 90% of Rh-negative patients transfused with Rh-positive blood develop anti-D antibodies
Cross Matching Blood grouping
- Patients red cells grouped for ABO and Rhesus antigens
- Serum tested to confirm patients ABO group
Antibody screening
- Detects atypical red cell antibodies in recipients serum
Cross matching
- Tests donor red cells against patients serum
Blood products
- Whole blood
- Packed red cells
- Granulocyte concentrates
- Platelet concentrates
- Human plasma - fresh frozen plasma / freeze-dried plasma
- Plasma protein fraction
- Human albumin 25%
- Cryoprecipitate
- Clotting factors - Factor VIII / IX
- Immunoglobulin